In this week’s edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. (PNAS), Drs Christopher Parry, Alfrun Erkner and Johannes le Coutre, scientists at the Nestlé Research Center in Lausanne, Switzerland, report about novel genetic fundamentals of taste perception. The contribution will be available on the PNAS Internet site at: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0404894101v1?view=abstract
The authors analyzed all 33 members of the bitter taste receptor gene family in bonobo monkeys and compared their sequences with those of humans and chimpanzees. Bonobos are humans’ closest relatives on an evolutionary scale. The paper explains that despite a high degree of similarity for these genes the three species have remarkable differences, which imply clear functional specialization regarding taste perception.
The authors describe particular differences between the three species for the expressed receptor proteins suggesting an evolutionary mechanism to fine-tune taste receptor responses. The study details primate bitter taste receptor divergence and shows mechanisms of species specific gustatory adaptation with significance for nutrition and food choice.
Dr le Coutre, head of the study, explains the findings might indicate an individualized, genetic basis for taste perception. Being part of a dynamic and variable set of taste receptors the genes might even have implications beyond bitter taste. He points out that these systems might influence our response to food by means of a metabolic evaluation and physiological adjustment of our body. With a set of molecular “locks” at hand it remains now a challenge for the future to identify the “keys”, which trigger a healthy response for every individual.
- Reference of the article:
- Christopher M. Parry, Alfrun Erkner & Johannes le Coutre, 2004, "Divergence of T2R Chemosensory Receptor Families in Humans, Bonobos and Chimpanzees.", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.;101(41):14830-34
- For more information, please contact:
- Ms H. van der Kaaij, Communication Group, Nestlé Research Center, Tel.: 0041-21-785 95 57, e-mail : hengameh.vanderkaaij@rdls.nestle.com
- M Johannes le Coutre, Nestlé Research Center Tel.: 0041-079-201 99 57, e-mail : johannes.le-coutre@rdls.nestle.com